Effects of d-alpha-tocopherol on skeletal muscle regeneration in crushed injury of diabetic rats

Muscular atrophy in diabetes is believed to be due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Vitamin E, a natural antioxidant, is considered important to maintain skeletal muscle structures and functions. The current study is designed to explore the regenerative potential of d-α-tocopherol after crushed injury of skeletal muscle in healthy and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced through single subcutaneous injection of alloxan at the dose of 100 mg/kg at hip region. Twenty four albino rats were divided into four groups; healthy control, diabetic control, healthy treated and diabetic treated. Treated groups were administered d-α-tocopherol orally and daily at the dose of 200 mg/kg for three weeks. A horizontal skin incision was made on the shaved right mid-thigh region and after splitting of the fascia between gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata the gluteus maximus was crushed with Kocher's forceps. Skin wound was closed with an absorbable suture. The crushed muscle changes were studied by assessing the histopathological features, histomorphological measurements and biochemical analyses at the end of 3rd week. One way 'ANOVA' followed by Tukeys test and Student t test were used for statistical analysis. Results obtained through various methods indicate that the d-α-tocopherol helps in skeletal muscle regeneration by improving antioxidant status, myoblast proliferation, revascularization, reinnervation and connective tissue remodeling. Hence it is concluded that d-α-tocopherol is a useful therapeutic dietary supplement in the management of skeletal muscle crushed injuries in both healthy and diabetics

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Experimental crush of the equine recurrent laryngeal nerve: a study of normal and aberrant reinnervation.

Experimental reinnervation of the equine larynx in healthy ponies was studied after the recurrent laryngeal nerve was crushed, using endoscopic, electromyographic, and microscopic techniques. In 12 ponies, the recurrent laryngeal nerve was crushed unilaterally in the midcervical area. All showed postoperative paralysis of the larynx on the operated side. In 8 ponies, recovery of movement of the vocal folds occurred at different times (2.5 to 8 months) after surgical operation was done. These movements, which were often abnormal, included trembling and asynchronism. In 2 of these ponies, complete return of normal vocal fold function occurred. Return of function was due to reinnervation, as determined by electromyographic examination of the laryngeal muscles and microscopic evaluation of these muscles and the recurrent laryngeal nerves. In the muscles, there was evidence of fiber-type grouping, and the nerves showed regenerative activity. In 3 ponies, there was evidence of aberrant reinnervation, with adductor or abductor muscles discharging during an inappropriate phase of the respiratory cycle. Further evidence that reinnervation occurred in the larynges of these ponies was determined in microscopic sections of the recurrent laryngeal nerves and muscles, which showed regenerative activity and muscle fiber-type grouping, respectively. The endoscopic abnormalities in these ponies were compared with those seen in horses with spontaneous subclinical laryngeal paralysis. However, the possibility that the abnormal endoscopic findings in this latter group of horses are due to aberrant reinnervation is thought to be unlikely.